Observed and projected climate shifts 1901–2100 depicted by world maps of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification

نویسندگان

  • FRANZ RUBEL
  • MARKUS KOTTEK
چکیده

In a previous paper we presented an update of the highly referenced climate classification map, that of Wladimir Köppen, which was published for the first time in 1900 and updated in its latest version by Rudolf Geiger in 1961. This updated world map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification was based on temperature and precipitation observations for the period 1951–2000. Here, we present a series of digital world maps for the extended period 1901-2100 to depict global trends in observed climate and projected climate change scenarios. World maps for the observational period 1901-2002 are based on recent data sets from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia and the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) at the German Weather Service. World maps for the period 2003–2100 are based on ensemble projections of global climate models provided by the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. The main results comprise an estimation of the shifts of climate zones within the 21st century by considering different IPCC scenarios. The largest shifts between the main classes of equatorial climate (A), arid climate (B), warm temperate climate (C), snow climate (D) and polar climate (E) on global land areas are estimated as 2.6–3.4 % (E to D), 2.2–4.7 % (D to C), 1.3–2.0 (C to B) and 2.1–3.2 % (C to A). Zusammenfassung In einer vorangegangenen Arbeit präsentierten wir eine Aktualisierung der am häufigsten verwendeten Karte der Klimaklassifikation, jener von Wladimir Köppen, die erstmals 1900 vorgestellt und in der letzten Auflage von Rudolf Geiger 1961 aktualisiert wurde. Diese aktualisierte Weltkarte der Köppen-Geiger Klimaklassifizierung basierte auf Beobachtungen der Temperatur und des Niederschlags der Periode 1951– 2000. Hier stellen wir eine Serie von digitalen Weltkarten für die erweiterte Periode 1901–2100 vor, um globale Trends des beobachteten Klimas sowie Trends in vorhergesagten Klimaszenarien zu beschreiben. Die Weltkarten des Beobachtunszeitraums 1901–2002 basieren auf aktuellen Datensätzen der Climatic Research Unit (CRU) der Universität von East Anglia und des Weltzentrums für Niederschlagsklimatologie (WZN) am Deutschen Wetterdienst. Weltkarten für den Zeitraum 2003–2100 basieren auf Ensemble-Projektionen von globalen Klimamodellen, die vom Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research bereitgestellt werden. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse beinhalten eine Abschätzung der Verschiebungen der Klimazonen im 21. Jhd. unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener IPCC Szenarien. Die größten Verschiebungen zwischen den Hauptklassen äquatoriales Klima (A), arides Klima (B), warm gemäßigtes Klima (C), Schneeklima (D) und polares Klima (E) der globalen Landflächen werden mit 2,6–3,4 % (E zu D), 2,2–4,7 % (D zu C), 1,3–2,0 (C zu B) und 2,1–3,2 % (C zu A) abgeschätzt.

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تاریخ انتشار 2010